Tipu Sultan

 Tipu Sultan was born as Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu on November 10, 1750 in Devanahalli, present-day Bangalore. He was born to Fatima Fakhr-un-Nisa and Hyder Ali, the Sultan of Mysore. Tipu Sultan succeeded his father in 1782. The 18th century ruler is popularly known as the Tiger of Mysore and Tipu Sahib.

Tipu Sultan (born Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu,[5] 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799),[1][6] also known as the Tiger of Mysore,[7] was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India. He was a pioneer of rocket artillery.[8][9][10] He introduced a number of administrative innovations during his rule, including a new coinage system and calendar,[11] and a new land revenue system, which initiated the growth of the Mysore silk industry.[12] He expanded the iron-cased Mysorean rockets and commissioned the military manual Fathul Mujahidin. He deployed the rockets against advances of British forces and their allies during the Anglo-Mysore Wars, including the Battle of Pollilur and Siege of Srirangapatna, but the British took over the fort.[13]

Tipu Sultan

Badshah

Nasib-ud-Daulah

Mir Fateh Ali Bahadur Tipu

TipuSultanPic.jpg

Sultan of Mysore

Reign

10 December 1782 – 4 May 1799

Coronation

29 December 1782

Predecessor

Hyder Ali

Successor

Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (as Wodeyar ruler)

Born

1 December 1751[1][2]

Devanahalli, present-day Bangalore, Karnataka

Died

4 May 1799 (aged 47)[2]

Srirangapatna, present-day Mandya, Karnataka

Burial

Srirangapatna, present-day Mandya, Karnataka

12°24′36″N 76°42′50″E

Spouse

Khadija Zaman Begum and 2 or 3 others

Issue

Shezada Hyder Ali, Ghulam Muhammad Sultan Sahib and many others

Names

Badshah Nasib-ud-Daulah Sultan Mir Fateh Ali Bahadur Saheb Tipu

House

Mysore

Father

Hyder Ali

Mother

Fatima Fakhr-un-Nisa

Religion

Sunni Islam[3][4]

Tipu Sultan and his father used their French-trained army in alliance with the French in their struggle with the British,[14] and in Mysore's struggles with other surrounding powers, against the Marathas, Sira, and rulers of Malabar, Kodagu, Bednore, Carnatic, and Travancore. Tipu's father, Hyder Ali, had risen to power and Tipu succeeded him as the ruler of Mysore upon his father's death in 1782. He won important victories against the British in the Second Anglo-Mysore War. He negotiated the 1784 Treaty of Mangalore with them after his father died from cancer in December 1782 during the Second Anglo-Mysore War.

Tipu's conflicts with his neighbours included the Maratha–Mysore War, which ended with the signing of the Treaty of Gajendragad.[15] The treaty required that Tipu Sultan pay 4.8 million rupees as a one-time war cost to the Marathas, and an annual tribute of 1.2 million rupees, in addition to returning all the territory captured by Hyder Ali.[16][17]

Tipu remained an implacable enemy of the British East India Company, sparking conflict with his attack on British-allied Travancore in 1789. In the Third Anglo-Mysore War, he was forced into the Treaty of Seringapatam, losing a number of previously conquered territories, including Malabar and Mangalore. He sent emissaries to foreign states, including the Ottoman Empire, Afghanistan, and France, in an attempt to rally opposition to the British.

In the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, a combined force of British East India Company troops, supported by the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad defeated Tipu. He was killed on 4 May 1799 while defending his stronghold of Seringapatam.