Dr Jai Shankar Prasad aiyer

 Jaishankar was born in Delhi, India to prominent Indian strategic affairs analyst, commentator and civil servant K. Subrahmanyam and Sulochana Subrahmanyam. He has two brothers: the historian Sanjay Subrahmanyam and the IAS officer S. Vijay Kumar, former Rural Development Secretary of India.

Dr. Subrahmanyam Jaishankar (born 9 January 1955) is an Indian diplomat and politician serving as the Minister of External Affairs of the Government of India since 30 May 2019, became the second ever diplomat to be appointed as External Affairs minister, after Natwar Singh.[1] He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party and a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha since 5 July 2019. He previously served as the Foreign Secretary from January 2015[2][3] to January 2018.[4]

S. Jaishankar

Subrahmanyam Jaishankar in Vienna 2023 (cropped).jpg

Jaishankar in 2023

30th Minister of External Affairs

Incumbent

Assumed office

30 May 2019

Prime Minister

Narendra Modi

Preceded by

Sushma Swaraj

Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha

Incumbent

Assumed office

5 July 2019

Preceded by

Amit Shah

Constituency

Gujarat

31st Foreign Secretary of India

In office

28 January 2015 – 28 January 2018

Prime Minister

Narendra Modi

Preceded by

Sujatha Singh

Succeeded by

Vijay Keshav Gokhale

Ambassador of India to the United States

In office

1 December 2013 – 28 January 2015

President

Pranab Mukherjee

Prime Minister

Manmohan Singh

Narendra Modi

Preceded by

Nirupama Rao

Succeeded by

Arun Kumar Singh

Ambassador of India to China

In office

1 June 2009 – 1 December 2013

President

Pratibha Patil

Pranab Mukherjee

Prime Minister

Manmohan Singh

Preceded by

Nirupama Rao

Succeeded by

Ashok Kantha

High Commissioner of India to Singapore

In office

1 January 2007 – 1 June 2009

President

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Pratibha Patil

Prime Minister

Manmohan Singh

Succeeded by

TCA Raghavan

Ambassador of India to the Czech Republic

In office

1 January 2001 – 1 January 2004

President

K.R. Narayanan

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Prime Minister

Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Succeeded by

P.S. Raghavan

Personal details

Born

Subrahmanyam Jaishankar

9 January 1955 (age 68)

New Delhi, India

Political party

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)

Spouse(s)

Shobha Jaishankar (deceased)

Kyoko Jaishankar

Children

3

Parent

K. Subrahmanyam (father)

Relatives

Sanjay Subrahmanyam (brother), S. Vijay Kumar (brother)

Alma mater

St. Stephen’s College, Delhi (BA),

Jawaharlal Nehru University (MA, MPhil, PhD)

Occupation

Civil servant, diplomat, politician

Awards

Padma Shri (2019)

He joined the Indian Foreign Service (IFS) in 1977 and during his diplomatic career spanning over 38 years, he served in different capacities in India and abroad including as a High Commissioner to Singapore (2007–09) and as Ambassador to the Czech Republic (2001–04), China (2009–2013) and the US (2014–2015). Jaishankar played a key role in negotiating the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement.

On retirement, Jaishankar joined Tata Sons as the President, Global Corporate

The first president of Africa

 Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid activist who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election.

Born: 18 July 1918, Mvezo, South Africa

Died: 5 December 2013, Houghton Estate, Johannesburg, South Africa

Children: Zindziswa Mandela, Zenani Mandela, Madiba Thembekile Mandela, Makaziwe Mandela-Amuah, Makgatho Mandela, Makaziwe Mandela

Spouse: Graça Machel (m. 1998–2013), Winnie Mandela (m. 1958–1996), Evelyn Mase (m. 1944–1958)

Awards: Nobel Peace Prize, Bharat Ratna, Presidential Medal of Freedom, Sakharov Prize, Congressional Gold Medal, Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, Nishan-e-Pakistan.

What is Nelson Mandela known for?

Nelson Mandela is known for several things, but perhaps he is best known for successfully leading the resistance to South Africa's policy of apartheid in the 20th century, during which he was infamously incarcerated at Robben Island Prison (1964–82). He won the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1993, along with South Africa's president at the time, F.W. de Klerk, for having led the transition from apartheid to a multiracial democracy. Mandela is also known for being the first black president of South Africa, serving from 1994 to 1999.

Tipu Sultan

 Tipu Sultan was born as Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu on November 10, 1750 in Devanahalli, present-day Bangalore. He was born to Fatima Fakhr-un-Nisa and Hyder Ali, the Sultan of Mysore. Tipu Sultan succeeded his father in 1782. The 18th century ruler is popularly known as the Tiger of Mysore and Tipu Sahib.

Tipu Sultan (born Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu,[5] 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799),[1][6] also known as the Tiger of Mysore,[7] was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India. He was a pioneer of rocket artillery.[8][9][10] He introduced a number of administrative innovations during his rule, including a new coinage system and calendar,[11] and a new land revenue system, which initiated the growth of the Mysore silk industry.[12] He expanded the iron-cased Mysorean rockets and commissioned the military manual Fathul Mujahidin. He deployed the rockets against advances of British forces and their allies during the Anglo-Mysore Wars, including the Battle of Pollilur and Siege of Srirangapatna, but the British took over the fort.[13]

Tipu Sultan

Badshah

Nasib-ud-Daulah

Mir Fateh Ali Bahadur Tipu

TipuSultanPic.jpg

Sultan of Mysore

Reign

10 December 1782 – 4 May 1799

Coronation

29 December 1782

Predecessor

Hyder Ali

Successor

Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (as Wodeyar ruler)

Born

1 December 1751[1][2]

Devanahalli, present-day Bangalore, Karnataka

Died

4 May 1799 (aged 47)[2]

Srirangapatna, present-day Mandya, Karnataka

Burial

Srirangapatna, present-day Mandya, Karnataka

12°24′36″N 76°42′50″E

Spouse

Khadija Zaman Begum and 2 or 3 others

Issue

Shezada Hyder Ali, Ghulam Muhammad Sultan Sahib and many others

Names

Badshah Nasib-ud-Daulah Sultan Mir Fateh Ali Bahadur Saheb Tipu

House

Mysore

Father

Hyder Ali

Mother

Fatima Fakhr-un-Nisa

Religion

Sunni Islam[3][4]

Tipu Sultan and his father used their French-trained army in alliance with the French in their struggle with the British,[14] and in Mysore's struggles with other surrounding powers, against the Marathas, Sira, and rulers of Malabar, Kodagu, Bednore, Carnatic, and Travancore. Tipu's father, Hyder Ali, had risen to power and Tipu succeeded him as the ruler of Mysore upon his father's death in 1782. He won important victories against the British in the Second Anglo-Mysore War. He negotiated the 1784 Treaty of Mangalore with them after his father died from cancer in December 1782 during the Second Anglo-Mysore War.

Tipu's conflicts with his neighbours included the Maratha–Mysore War, which ended with the signing of the Treaty of Gajendragad.[15] The treaty required that Tipu Sultan pay 4.8 million rupees as a one-time war cost to the Marathas, and an annual tribute of 1.2 million rupees, in addition to returning all the territory captured by Hyder Ali.[16][17]

Tipu remained an implacable enemy of the British East India Company, sparking conflict with his attack on British-allied Travancore in 1789. In the Third Anglo-Mysore War, he was forced into the Treaty of Seringapatam, losing a number of previously conquered territories, including Malabar and Mangalore. He sent emissaries to foreign states, including the Ottoman Empire, Afghanistan, and France, in an attempt to rally opposition to the British.

In the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, a combined force of British East India Company troops, supported by the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad defeated Tipu. He was killed on 4 May 1799 while defending his stronghold of Seringapatam.

Naik Digendra kumar

 Digendra  Kumar MVC, SM is a former soldier of the 2nd battalion of the Rajputana Rifles regiment of the Indian army. He was awarded the Mahavir Chakra on 15 August 1999, for his acts of bravery in the Kargil War. He retired from the army on 31 July 2005. 

Born: 3 July 1969 (age 53 years)

Awards: Maha Vir Chakra

Service/branch: Indian Army

Years of service: 1985 - 2005.

Kumar was born into the Jat family of Farswal clan to Shivdan Singh and lived in the village of Jhalara, Tehsil Neem-Ka-Thana, in the Sikar District in Rajasthan, India. His mother's name was Rajkaur. Shivdan Singh was a strong follower of Arya Samaj. Digendra Kumar joined the Indian Army and was badly wounded in Indo-Pakistani War of 1999.[1]: 21  Kumar has a daughter (Samita) and two sons (Japender and Mahaveer). Mahaveer studied in Sanskar School Jaipur and is a national basketball player. Japender studies in Delhi Technological University (formerly DCE). Samita is a national Kabaddi player..

Career

Edit

Kumar joined the 2nd Battalion of the Rajputana Rifles on 3 September 1985. After training was complete, his battalion was posted to Kashmir.[2] In 1987 he was selected for the Indian Peace Keeping Force and took part in Operation Pawan in Sri Lanka.

Operation Pawan

Edit

Operation Pawan was the code name assigned to operations by the Indian Peace Keeping Force to take control of Jaffna from the LTTE in late 1987.[3] Kumar and his group were assigned to patrol dominant areas in Tamil. Five Tamil militants fired and killed five soldiers from Kumar's squad. In return, Kumar and the remaining soldiers of his squad followed the militants into the house of an MLA. However, the MLA opposed the action, and in the ensuing firefight the MLA, along with the five Tamil militants, was killed. This caused some controversy, and Kumar was penalised and remanded.[1]: 31 

Meanwhile, 36 soldiers of the 10th Parachute Regiment were captured and held by the LTTE. Lt. Gen. A.S. Kalkat assigned the task of freeing them to Kumar. Kumar took with him 50 kg ammunition and some biscuits and sailed up the river. Kumar saved the soldiers (who had been held in the forest for 72 hours), destroyed an important ammunition depot, and killed 39 militants.[1]: 43 

Kargil war

Edit

Kargil in Jammu and Kashmir

Major Vivek Gupta, of the 2nd Battalion of the Rajputana Rifles and his company were given the task of recapturing Point 4590 on Tololing Hill in the Dras sector.[1]: 59  The objective was to capture the enemy post, located at high altitude (15,000 feet).

Kumar commanded the Light Machine Gun Group during his company's assault. Besides Kumar, the commando team included Major Vivek Gupta, Subedar Bhanwar Lal Bhakar, Subedar Surendra Singh Rathor, Lance Naik Jasvir Singh, Naik Surendra, Naik Chaman Singh Tewatia, Lans Naik Bachchan Singh, CMH Jashvir Singh, and Havaldar Sultan Singh Narwar.[1]: 51 

The Pakistani army had made 11 bunkers on the Tololing hilltop. Kumar was to target the first and the last bunkers. The other commandos were to target the remaining 9 bunkers.[1]: 51 

On 13 June 1999, while nearing its objective, the Assault Group came under enemy fire and took casualties. Subedar Bhanwar Lal Bhakar, Lance Naik Jasvir Singh, Naik Surendra, and Naik Chaman Singh were all killed. Major Vivek Gupta himself was killed by a bullet wound to the head.[1]: 54  Although Kumar was hit by a bullet in his left arm, he kept firing on the enemy with his light machine gun. His fire facilitated his men's advancement, allowing them to physically assault the enemy position and clear the area after a hand-to-hand fight. He was responsible for killing 48 Pakistani soldiers single-handedly and received total 18 bullets on his body armour.

Leunient Balwan singh

 After completing his senior secondary education from Sainik School, Karnal, Singh joined University College, Rohtak and following graduation entered the Officers Training Academy (OTA) Chennai. In March 1999, he received a short-service commission in the 18 Grenadiers, with the service number SS-37691

Kargil War and capture of Tiger Hill

With just four months of service when the Kargil War broke out, Singh was tasked to lead his Ghatak platoon in an attempt to capture Tiger Hill during the eponymous battle. Before leading his troops into action, Singh vowed "Tiger Hill pe Tiranga fahrake ayenge, chahe kuchh bhi ho jaye." ("We will hoist the Tricolour atop Tiger Hill, come what may.")^[1]

For his inspirational leadership and courage in successfully capturing the peak, Singh was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra by President K. R. Narayan on Independence Day 1999.^[3] The official citation for the decoration reads as follows:^[2][3]

LIEUTENANT BALWAN SINGH (SS-37691), 18 GRENADIERS

On 03 July 1999 Lieutenant Balwan Singh with his Ghatak platoon was tasked to assault the 'Tiger Hill Top' from the North Eastern direction as part of a multi pronged attack. The route to the objective situated at a height of 16,500 feet was snowbound and interspersed with crevasses and sheer falls. The officer, with just three months service, set about his task with single-minded determination. The team led and exhorted by him, moved for over twelve hours along a very difficult and precarious route and under intense artillery shelling to reach the designated spur.

This move took the enemy by complete surprise as his team used cliff assault mountaineering equipment to reach the top with stealth. On seeing the Ghataks, the enemy panicked and in a desperate firefight attempted to repulse the Ghataks. In the ensuing firefight, Lieutenant Balwan Singh was himself seriously injured. However his resolve to finish the enemy remained unshaken. He refused to be evacuated and unmindful of his injury, moved swiftly to encircle the enemy and engaged them in close combat and single handedly killed four enemy soldiers. The remaining enemy personnel opted to flee rather than face the fury of the fierce officer. His inspirational leadership, conspicuous courage and bravery were instrumental in the capture of Tiger Hill, which was operationally one of the most important objectives in the Drass sector.

Subsequent career

After the conflict, Singh was granted a regular commission with the service number IC-56218. In 2001, he participated in the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL). He was promoted to captain on 6 November 2003 and to major on 6 November 2005.^[4][5] He was an instructor in the Indian Military Academy, Dehradun, and has also served as Group Testing Officer at the Services 

Kalpana chawla

 Kalpana Chawla was an Indian-born American astronaut and mechanical engineer who was the first woman of Indian origin to go to space. She first flew on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 as a mission specialist and primary robotic arm operator. 

Born: 17 March 1962, Karnal

Died: 1 February 2003, Texas, United States

Spouse: Jean-Pierre Harrison (m. 1983–2003)

Education: University of Colorado Boulder (1988), University of Texas at Arlington (1982–1984), Punjab Engineering College (1982), Tagore Baal Niketan Sr. Sec. School (1976), Panjab University

Awards: Congressional Space Medal of Honor, NASA Space Flight Medal, NASA Distinguished Service Medal

Movies: Columbia: The Tragic Loss.

In 1988, Chawla began working at NASA Ames Research Center, where she did computational fluid dynamics (CFD) research on vertical and/or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) concepts. Much of Chawla's research is included in technical journals and conference papers. In 1993, she joined Overset Methods, Inc. as vice president and Research Scientist specializing in simulation of moving multiple body problems. Chawla held a Certificated Flight Instructor rating for airplanes, gliders and Commercial Pilot licenses for single and multi-engine airplanes, seaplanes and gliders. After becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen in April 1991, Chawla applied for the NASA Astronaut Corps.[17] She joined the corps in March 1995 and was selected for her first flight in 1997.

Her first space mission began on 19 November 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the Space Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87. Chawla was the first Indian woma

n o go in space. She spoke the following words while traveling in the weightlessness of space, "You are just your intelligence." She had traveled 10.67 million km, as many as 252 times around the Earth. On her first mission, Chawla traveled 10.4/6.5 million miles in 252 orbits of the earth, logging more than 376 hours (15 days and 16 hours) in space.[18][6] During STS-87, she was responsible for deploying the Spartan Satellite which malfunctioned, necessitating a spacewalk by Winston Scott and Takao Doi to capture the satellite. A five-month NASA investigation exonerated[citation needed] Chawla by identifying errors in software interfaces and the defined procedures of the flight crew and ground control. After the completion of STS-87 post-flight activities, Chawla was assigned to technical positions in the astronaut office to work on the space station.

In 2001, Chawla was selected for her second flight as part of the crew of STS-107. This mission was repeatedly delayed due to scheduling conflicts and technical problems such as the July 2002 discovery of cracks in the shuttle engine flow liners. On 16 January 2003, Chawla finally returned to space aboard Space Shuttle Columbia on the ill-fated STS-107 mission. The crew performed nearly 80 experiments studying Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety.

During the launch of STS-107, Columbia's 28th mission, a piece of foam insulation broke off from the Space Shuttle external tank and struck the port wing of the orbiter. Previous shuttle launches had seen minor damage from foam shedding,[19] but some engineers suspected that the damage to Columbia was more serious. NASA managers limited the investigation, reasoning that the crew could not have fixed the problem if it had been confirmed.[20]

When Columbia re-entered the atmosphere of Earth, the damage allowed hot atmospheric gases to penetrate and destroy the internal wing structure, which caused the spacecraft to become unstable and break apart.[21] After the disaster, Space Shuttle flight operations were suspended for more than two years, similar to the aftermath of the Challenger disaster. Construction of the International Space Station (ISS) was put on hold; the station relied entirely on the Russian Roscosmos State Corporation for resupply for 29 months until Shuttle flights resumed with STS-114 and 41 months for crew rotation.

Chawla died on 1 February 2003, in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, along with the other six crew members, when Columbia disintegrated over Texas during re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, shortly before it was scheduled to conclude its 28th mission, STS-107.[22] Her remains were identified along with those of the rest of the crew members and were cremated and scattered at Zion National Park in Utah in accordance with her wishes.[23].

Sidhu moosewala

 Shubhdeep Singh Sidhu, better known by his stage name Sidhu Moose Wala, was an Indian singer, rapper, actor and politician associated with Punjabi music and Punjabi cinema. He started his career as a songwriter for the song "License" by Ninja, and began his singing career on a duet song titled "G Wagon". 

Education: Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College (2016), Humber College Trending

Born: 11 June 1993, Moosa

Died: 29 May 2022, Mansa.

Shubhdeep Singh Sidhu (11 June 1993 – 29 May 2022), better known by his stage name Sidhu Moose Wala, was an Indian singer, rapper, actor and politician associated with Punjabi music and Punjabi cinema.[3] He started his career as a songwriter for the song "License" by Ninja, and began his singing career on a duet song titled "G Wagon". Following his debut, he collaborated with Brown Boyz for various tracks which were released by Humble Music.

Sidhu Moose Wala

Sidhu Moose Wala Interview 2019.

Sidhu in 201

Born

Shubhdeep Singh Sidhu[1

11 June 1993

Moosa, Punjab, India

Die

29 May 2022 (aged 28

Jawharke, Punjab, India

Cause of deat

Gunshot wound

Occupatio

Singerrapperactorpoliticia

Years activ

2016–202

Political part

Indian National Congres

Musical caree

Origi

Punjab, India

Genre

Hip hop gangsta rap

Label

5911 records Sidhu Moose Wal

Signatur

Sidhu Moosewala signature.sv

Moose Wala gained wide attention with his track "So High". In 2018, he released his debut album PBX 1, which peaked at 66th on Billboard Canadian Albums chart. Following the album, he started releasing his songs independently. His 2019 single "47" was ranked on the UK Singles Chart. In 2020, Moose Wala was named by The Guardian among 50 up and coming artists.[4] Ten of his songs have peaked on UK Asian chart, two of which have topped the chart. His song "Bambiha Bole" was among the top five on Global YouTube music chart. In 2021, he released Moosetape, tracks from which charted globally including Canadian Hot 100, UK Asian, and New Zealand Hot charts

Moose Wala was known for his controversial lyrical style, often promoting gun cultures, while also challenging religious sentiments[5] as was the case related to Mai Bhago, a revered figure in Sikhism.[6][7] He had faced legal challenges for promoting gun culture and using inflammatory and inciting lyrics in his songs.[7][6] As of 2022, there were four ongoing criminal cases against him. Moose Wala was a member of the Indian National Congress, and unsuccessfully contested the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election from Mansa. He was shot dead by unidentified..single was shot dead by unidentified.